在动环和静环的密封端面之间形成很小的间隙,由于介质压力和弹簧力的作用,在密封端面上有一定压紧力,并保持其间有一层液膜间隙很小,介质通过时阻力很大,从而阻止其泄漏。而液膜的存在又可润滑摩擦面,从而减轻摩损,保证了密封效果,其结构如下:(1)主要密封元件(摩擦副):动环(旋转环)及静环(固定环,固定在压盖上,用防转销防止它转动)。(2)辅助密封元件:密封圈(O型、V型)等。(3)压紧件:弹簧、推环等。(4)传动件:传动座及键或固定螺钉等。
机械密封根据其结构和特点可分为平衡型和不平衡型,内装式和外装式,单弹簧和多弹簧,单端面和双端面等。
简述冷却系统的作用和方式?为了改善泵轴承、密封及机座操作状况,一般都采用冷却系统。对于冷油泵,通常对于轴承箱、密封压盖更生冷却。对于热油泵,一般对轴承箱泵密封腔、密封压盖及泵座均进行冷却。轴封装置可分为填料密封冷却和机械密封冷却方两种,填料密封的冷却方式为:在填料箱周围设置冷却水套,通入冷却水带走因填料和轴(轴套)摩擦产生的热量防止填料过热烧毁。机械密封的冷却,除在密封腔外设置冷却水套外,还通常采用冲洗冷却的方式来保证密封的正常工作,具体方式为:从泵出口或其它高压系统引出介质经过密封压盖上的冲洗冷却,使密封腔内的介质不数循环更新,以传导密封副的摩擦热和防止杂质进入密封端面间,冲洗液的入吕压力必须大于密封腔压力0.05~0.15Mpa,而且在泵去年过程中不能中断,机械密封的这种冲洗液也就是该种密封形式的密封油,所以冲洗液应选用泵输送介质或无污染的其它介质。泵的冷却水压力一般为0.15~0.3Mpa。串联时每台泵的冷却量为0.3~0.7m/h,并联时,每个轴承、密封腔、泵座和密封压盖的冷却水也按0.3~0.7m/h来估算。
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